Skilled At Work


Eurozone services sector returned to modest growth in June, PMI shows


CEOs are no longer dodging the question of whether AI takes jobs. Now they are giving predictions of how deep those cuts could go.

“Artificial intelligence is going to replace literally half of all white-collar workers in the U.S.,” Ford Motor 3.70%increase; green up pointing triangle Chief Executive Jim Farley said in an interview last week with author Walter Isaacson at the Aspen Ideas Festival. “AI will leave a lot of white-collar people behind.”

At JPMorgan Chase JPM 0.55%increase; green up pointing triangle, Marianne Lake, CEO of the bank’s massive consumer and community business, told investors in May that she could see its operations head count falling by 10% in the coming years as the company uses new AI tools. 

The comments echo recent job warnings from executives at Amazon AMZN -0.24%decrease; red down pointing triangle, Anthropic and other companies.

Amazon CEO Andy Jassy wrote in a note to employees in June that he expected the company’s overall corporate workforce to be smaller in the coming years because of the “once-in-a-lifetime” AI technology.

“We will need fewer people doing some of the jobs that are being done today, and more people doing other types of jobs,” Jassy said. 

Anthropic CEO Dario Amodei said in May that half of all entry-level jobs could disappear in one to five years, resulting in U.S. unemployment of 10% to 20%, according to an interview with Axios. He urged company executives and government officials to stop “sugarcoating” the situation.

The Ford CEO’s comments are among the most pointed to date from a large-company U.S. executive outside of Silicon Valley. His remarks reflect an emerging shift in how many executives explain the potential human cost of the technology. Until now, few corporate leaders have wanted to publicly acknowledge the extent to which white-collar jobs could vanish. 

In interviews, CEOs often hedge when asked about job losses, noting that innovation historically creates a range of new roles.

In private, though, CEOs have spent months whispering about how their businesses could likely be run with a fraction of the current staff. Technologies, including automation software, AI, and robots, are being rolled out to make operations as lean and efficient as possible.

Professionals will need to accept the reality that few roles will be unchanged by AI, Micha Kaufman, CEO of the freelance marketplace Fiverr, wrote in a memo to his staff this spring.

“This is a wake-up call,” he wrote. “It does not matter if you are a programmer, designer, product manager, data scientist, lawyer, customer support rep, salesperson, or a finance person—AI is coming for you.”

Shopify SHOP -0.70%decrease; red down pointing triangle Chief Executive Tobi Lütke recently told workers that the company wouldn’t make any new hires unless managers could prove artificial intelligence isn’t capable of doing the job.

Some corporate leaders are drawing up plans to consolidate roles further, blurring the jobs of a product manager and software engineer into one position at technology companies, for example. Other companies, such as Covid-vaccine maker Moderna MRNA 5.54%increase; green up pointing triangle, have asked staffers to launch new products or projects without adding headcount. 

“I think it’s going to destroy way more jobs than the average person thinks,” James Reinhart, CEO of the online resale site ThredUp, said at an investor conference in June.

Corporate advisers say executives’ views on AI are changing almost weekly as leaders gain a better sense of what the technology can do—and as they watch their peers more aggressively change hiring plans or flatten corporate structures. 

Sam Altman's video message is shown alongside Brad Lightcap at an OpenAI press conference in Tokyo.
OpenAI Chief Operating Officer Brad Lightcap, at lectern, as a video message from CEO Sam Altman is projected at an event in Tokyo last year. PHOTO: KIM KYUNG-HOON/REUTERS

Some tech executives think the fears are overblown. Brad Lightcap, the chief operating officer of OpenAI, told the New York Times’s “Hard Fork” podcast last week that he doesn’t believe the impact on entry-level workers will be as swift and sweeping as some predict. “We have yet to see any evidence that people are kind of wholesale replacing entry-level jobs,” Lightcap said.

He acknowledged, though, that there will be job displacement, and said any new technology can lead to shifts in the labor market. 

International Business Machines IBM -1.22%decrease; red down pointing triangle. Chief Executive Arvind Krishna has said the company used AI to replace the work of a couple of hundred people in human resources. But, he added, the company hired more programmers and salespeople.

Pascal Desroches, chief financial officer at AT&T, said in an interview last month that much remains unclear about how work will be reshaped by AI and that past technological revolutions have shown that new jobs often emerge.

“It’s hard to say unequivocally, ‘Oh, we’re going to have fewer employees who are going to be more productive,” he said. “We just don’t know.’”

Jim Farley, Ford CEO, speaking at the Detroit Auto Show.
Growth in the euro zone's dominant services industry resumed in June after a brief contraction in May, though the pace remained marginal as demand remained weak despite improving business confidence, a survey showed on Thursday.
The HCOB Eurozone Services Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI), compiled by S&P Global, rose to 50.5 in June from 49.7 in May, above the preliminary estimate of 50.0.
PMI readings above 50 indicate growth in activity, while those below point to a contraction.
"This marks a prolonged period of relatively weak growth, and one which has never been surpassed in length over the PMI’s 27 years of data," said Cyrus de la Rubia, chief economist at Hamburg Commercial Bank.
The composite PMI, which includes manufacturing and services, edged up to 50.6 in June from 50.2, marking a three-month high but still indicating only modest growth. The flash estimate was 50.2.
Overall, new business declined for the 13th consecutive month, the composite index showed, though the rate of contraction eased to just fractional levels at 49.7. Despite this, services companies continued hiring for the fourth straight month, maintaining the job creation streak that has lasted nearly 4 1/2 years.
Among the euro zone's major economies, Ireland led the growth rankings for the fourth consecutive month, though its pace slowed to the weakest since January. Spain overtook Italy for second place while Germany returned to expansionary territory. France remained the only major economy in contraction, declining for the tenth straight month.
Business confidence among service providers improved to the highest level so far in 2025, recovering further from April's 29-month low, though it remained below the long-run trend.
Input price inflation in the services sector eased to a seven-month low but remained relatively high, while charges were raised at the fastest rate in three months, potentially complicating the ECB's inflation outlook despite recent rate cuts.
"The European Central Bank is unlikely to be entirely happy that sales prices in the services sector rose more strongly in June and that input prices are also rising sharply," de la Rubia added.
Following a year-long interest rate-cutting campaign, the ECB will make one more reduction in September, according to a slight majority of economists in a Reuters poll published last week.

Press freedom advocates are sounding the alarm following Paramount's $16 million settlement with President Trump, arguing the deal sets a dangerous new precedent, particularly for smaller outlets with fewer legal resources.

A steady decline in media trust, coupled with enormous financial challenges, has made the press more vulnerable to political pressure campaigns than ever before.

 The deal has drawn outrage from critics who believe Paramount could have won what they believe is a frivolous lawsuit.

  • While the size of the agreement is nearly identical to ABC's settlement with Trump last year, Paramount is under fire because its deal comes as the company seeks regulatory approval for its $8 billion merger with Skydance Media.
  • Democratic Sens. Ron Wyden and Elizabeth Warren both called the settlement "bribery."
  • The Knight Institute said Paramount's legal exposure was "negligible," and argued it should've fought the case in court.
  • PEN America, another press freedom group, said Paramount "caved to presidential pressure" and "chose appeasement to bolster its finances."

 The Wall Street Journal editorial board on Wednesday noted that this moment feels like a turning point for press freedom.

  • "President Trump has taunted the media for years, and some of his jibes are deserved, given the groupthink in most newsrooms. What's happening now, though, is different: The President is using government to intimidate news outlets that publish stories he doesn't like. It's a low move in a free country with a free press," it wrote.

 The settlement comes as the administration ramps up its efforts to target the press.

  • Most recently, President Trump and Department of Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem have endorsed the idea of prosecuting CNN for its critical coverage of U.S. strikes in Iran and its immigration reporting.
  • President Trump also suggested he could demand journalists reveal their sources in light of the Iran intel leak. In April, the Justice Department repealed protections for journalist-source confidentiality
  • The White House has already banned the AP over its editorial standards. It's also pushing Congress to gut funding for public media. The FCC has launched investigations into Comcast/NBCU and Disney/ABC for their DEI policies.

 The Paramount settlement is the latest in a slew of recent examples that show just how desperate media companies are to survive political and economic pressure.

  • DisneyWarner Bros. DiscoveryParamountGannett, and other major media companies have all rolled back diversity, equity, and inclusion policies to mirror the administration's new mandate on DEI.
  • The vast majority of America's largest newspapers by circulation are no longer doing presidential endorsements.
  • PBS member WNET cut 90 seconds from a documentary last month, in which the film's subject, author, and cartoonist Art Spiegelman criticized Trump, per The Atlantic.
  • ABC News dropped longtime correspondent Terry Moran after he criticized President Trump and top aide Stephen Miller in a since-deleted tweet, drawing swift criticism.

 Those concessions are happening amid a historic drop in trust of mainstream media, making it harder for newsrooms to rally public support.

  • Only 31% of Americans say they have a great deal or a fair amount of trust in the mass media, down from 50% 20 years ago and 40% a decade ago, according to a Gallup survey.